Suspension, Long-term Suspension, Expulsion and Due Process Procedures (Exclusionary Discipline)

This section of the APS Student Code of Conduct outlines Suspension, Expulsion, and Due Process Procedures.

Definitions

According to the American Psychological Association, “exclusionary discipline encompasses any type of school disciplinary action that removes or excludes a student from his or her usual educational setting” (American Psychological Association Services).

"Restorative practices" may include restorative inquiry that addresses the root cause of behavioral issues, reflective activities, and/or restorative circles that involve students, staff, families, and sometimes community members. Restorative practices should be part of the re-entry for all exclusionary discipline.

"In-school suspension” means suspending a student from physical presence in one or more regular classes while requiring the student to spend the time in a designated area at the same school or elsewhere. In-school suspension may include restorative practices and/or instruction. In-school suspensions shall not be counted toward absences from school.

"Out-of-school suspension” means a temporary suspension of a student from one or more regular classes, for no more than five (5) days and requiring the student to spend time outside of school. Out-of-school suspension also includes suspension of all school-related activities. Out-of-school suspensions count toward a student’s chronic absenteeism totals.

"Long-term suspension” means the removal of a student from school and all school-related activities for ten (10) days or more, the remainder of the semester or longer as determined by the hearing officer in cases that are near the end of a given semester.

"Short-term suspension” can be in-school or out-of-school and means removing a student from school and all school-related activities for no more than five (5) days per disciplinary student.

School Authority and Student Discipline Practices

Student code of conduct informs students of unacceptable behavior and possible consequences. Schools can use levels of intervention and consequence categories to redirect student behavior, prior to moving to a long-term suspension or expulsion. The discipline matrix in the APS Handbook for Student Success provides definitions/specific examples of student behavior that may lead to disciplinary practices such as the removal from class, suspension from school, or removal of school activities and extracurricular participation. When students are suspended, schools will make parent/legal guardian contact and send documentation home with students clarifying the breach of the student code of conduct and consequences. APS recognizes the importance of successful reintegration of students following suspension.

IDEA includes specific provisions to address situations in which the behavior of a child with a disability impedes the child's learning, the learning of others, or violates a school's code of student conduct. Importantly, as part of the obligation to provide FAPE, in the case of a child whose behavior impedes the child's learning or that of others, the IEP Team must consider - and include the IEP - the use of positive behavioral interventions and supports, and other strategies, to address that behavior.

Students with a disability or suspected disability, have more protections when facing discipline at school; these protections are intended to ensure students are not being disciplined due to their disability. A manifestation determination review is required for any student with a disability or a suspected disability before any removal from school that exceeds ten days.

School District Authority and Jurisdiction

During regular school hours and/or on any school property
During bus transportation of students to and from school
At times and places where appropriate school administrators and staff have jurisdiction including, but not limited to, school-sponsored events, field trips, athletic functions, and other school-related activities
On the way to or from school or a school related event

Student Behavior Contracts – School Level

Student commits to more positive behavior in the form of a written contract
Terms of the contract will be determined by the principal or designee
Parent/Legal Guardian must be included in the school-level contract process
Refusal by a student or parent/legal guardian to sign a contract does not remove the student’s obligation to follow APS’s expectations.
Student may be assigned school site community service

Short-term Removal from Class/School Activities

Students may be removed from class or activity but remain at school pending a conference with appropriate school personnel.
Students may be placed in an alternative educational setting until satisfactory resolution is reached. Parents/guardians must be informed of the alternative educational setting by phone call (voicemail is acceptable if there is no answer).

Short-Term Suspension

Short-term suspension is an exclusionary discipline practice that can be used for in or out of school suspension for five days or less for a disciplinary infraction. Refer to the consequences chart in the APS Student Handbook for Success for definitions of behaviors and consequences.

Removal of Extra-Curricular Privileges

Students will be removed from any part or all extra-curricular privileges for the time period equal to suspension.

Participation in extracurricular activities is a privilege offered to and earned by students
Since participants are serving as representatives of their school and community, they are expected to exemplify high standards at all times
Participants are expected to adhere to higher academic and conduct standards than established for the general school population in order to maintain their extra-curricular privileges
Only a principal or designee can remove extra-curricular privileges and such removal must be documented on the discipline referral form in the student information system. A copy must be printed and provided to the Parent/Legal Guardian.
Participation in extracurricular activities is not a student right and suspension of such privileges does not require a due process hearing.

Long-Term Suspension

The APS Handbook for Student Success consequences charts provides specific examples of applicable student behavior that may lead to recommendations for long-term suspension or expulsion.

All students have due process procedures available to them under the APS Handbook for Student Success. Any student for whom the school is requesting long-term suspension will have the right to a suspension hearing held before an Albuquerque Public Schools hearing officer, or the superintendent’s designee. Students or their parents/legal guardians may waive the right to a hearing by signing a waiver. School officials may NOT encourage the signing of waivers by saying or implying that hearing officers are likely to impose more severe discipline than school-based administrators.

Please refer to Albuquerque Public Schools procedure regarding special education students for additional information on discipline and suspension of special education students.

The burden of proving that the student violated a provision of the APS Handbook for Student Success to the degree a student must be suspended will be the responsibility of school personnel.

Procedure for Long-Term Suspension Hearing

The parent/legal guardian and student will be advised of all the charges both orally and in writing a minimum of five (5) days prior to the scheduled hearing. The written notice will be on the Notice of Discipline Hearing form.

Hearings will be scheduled thorough the Hearing Office. Hearings will be scheduled no sooner than five (5) nor later than ten (10) school days from parent/legal guardian’s receipt of the Notice of Discipline Hearing form by the parents/legal guardians.

If the hearing requires the services of an interpreter, including sign language, the school will notify the Hearing Office at the time of scheduling the hearing.

The school will present copies of the following information to the hearing officer during the hearing.

A copy of the Notice of Discipline Hearing form
Report of current grades, current attendance, and class progress reports
Written witness reports, incident reports, and school police reports
Current Manifestation Determination Review/Individualized Educational Program/Student Assistance Team report for students with a disability or suspected disability, students with a 504 plan or students in the Student Assistance Team process

The school will make available to the parent/legal guardian all reports/documentary evidence, with the exception of police reports and videos, at least forty-eight (48) hours prior to the hearing. Videos must be shown to parent/legal guardian if used as evidence in the hearing, but copies will not be made available. Failure to make these documents available may result in rescheduling the hearing with the student returning to school until the hearing can be rescheduled. In cases where police reports are part of the documentary evidence, parents/legal guardians may contact the APS Police Department at (505) 243-7712 to obtain a copy. All reports/documentary evidence will become part of the official hearing record.

The parent/legal guardian (student if emancipated or over the age of 18) may, at their own expense, choose to be represented by an attorney during any due process hearing. The parent/legal guardian must notify the hearing office that an attorney will represent the student as soon as possible but no later than seventy-two (72) hours prior to the hearing to enable the school to also seek representation if it so chooses.

A student receiving a long-term suspension may lose credit for the semester unless placed in an alternative school setting
Transfer students, other than students who have been placed at a school outside of their assigned school based on address in accordance with their IEP, will have their transfer revoked for the transfer school they are attending at the time of their long-term suspension. Upon completion of a LTS, a student may return to their assigned neighborhood school, request a transfer for the next school year, or explore alternative options. The transfer revocation date for students receiving special education services assigned to an Alternative Educational Setting (AES), through a LTS hearing, will be determined at the end of the suspension period by the IEP team in consultation with school and district administration.

The school principal, assistant principal or their delegate can act officially in matters involving school discipline. A school administrator and/or an Associate Superintendent approved administrative designee will attend all discipline hearings. The school principal and/or Associate Superintendent approved administrative designee will attend expulsion hearings and those with legal representation. All hearing documents must be reviewed and signed by an acting, licensed school administrator or district level credentialed administrator.

Time Limits for Scheduling a Hearing

Subject to applicable rules and upon agreement of the parent/legal guardian and hearing authority, the hearing authority will have the option to extend the time limits after a showing of good cause.

Hearing Authority and Record

The hearing authority is the appointed hearing officer or designee of the district
A record of the proceeding, including an audio recording, shall be kept at the District Hearing Office for a period of one year, after which the recording and documentation will be destroyed, except in cases of expulsion hearings where records will be kept for two (2) years.

Burden of Proof

The hearing is an administrative proceeding for the purpose of deciding issues of fact or law. Though formal rules of evidence will not direct the proceeding, evidence will be admitted and considered by the hearing officer.
The burden of proving that the student violated a provision of this handbook is on the school authorities.
The student or their counsel will have the right to call witnesses on their behalf and to question witnesses against them.
If witnesses are requested, the Hearing Office must be notified seventy-two (72) hours before the hearing to ensure witnesses are available and adequate time for the hearing has been scheduled.
The student will remain in suspended status pending the hearing even if the timeline is extended to support the request for witnesses.
The school authorities will have the right to call witnesses and to question any witnesses who testify.
The school must notify the Hearing Office regarding witnesses to ensure additional time is scheduled. (See guidelines above)

Decision of the Hearing Officer

The hearing authority will decide first if the alleged behavior violations are substantiated and second, will decide upon disciplinary action, if any, that should be taken
The hearing authority may request additional evidence from the parties
The student will have the right to comment upon the evidence orally and/or in writing
The hearing authority will provide its written decision to the parties, stating its findings, conclusions, and implementations within five (5) school days after hearing the evidence
The hearing authority’s decision will take effect immediately upon notification to the parent/legal guardian and will continue in force during any subsequent review

Procedures for Long-Term Suspension When Parents/Legal Guardians Waive the Right to Hearing

The principal or acting licensed school administrator shall advise parents/legal guardians and the student of the charges orally and in writing (Notice of Hearing).
School personnel must explain to the parents/legal guardians that the student will not be permitted to attend any traditional Albuquerque Public School while he/she is suspended.
School personnel will advise parents/legal guardians of students with an identified disability of the availability of alternative continuation services during the term of the suspension as outlined in the student’s IEP.
Parents/legal guardians will be required to sign the request to waive the due process hearing for the request to be active.
School personnel will advise parents/legal guardians and the student regarding possible education alternatives during the term of the suspension.
School personnel will attach documentation of parent/legal guardian contacts and intervention to a copy of the Notice of Discipline Hearing form.
Schools will provide to the Hearing Office the long-term suspension waiver and long-term suspension hearing packet for hearing officer review.
Failure to follow this procedural directive may result in reinstatement of the student.
Expulsion hearings cannot be waived

Student Expulsion

An expulsion is a disciplinary exclusion (suspension) from the school district that is greater than one (1) semester in length. It may be longer or even permanent. The APS Handbook for Student Success consequences charts provides specific examples of student behavior that may lead to recommendations for expulsion.

Generally, the district wishes to limit exclusion from school to no longer than the end of the current semester. In some cases, there is a need to implement an expulsion as an extreme last resort for disciplining students who exhibit unacceptable behaviors such as drug possession, drug sales, acts of extreme violence, vandalism, weapons possession, weapons use, and other felonies. A school may also recommend expulsion for any student who has been suspended long-term two or more times.

The District shall deny enrollment to any student who has been expelled from any public or private school in New Mexico or any other state within the preceding 12 months of the student’s application or if the student has exhibited behaviors in the previous school (within the preceding 12 months) that are considered detrimental to the safety or welfare of APS students or personnel. Prior to any denial of enrollment, the school administrator must consult with the Associate Superintendent and Chief of Schools.

Procedures for an Expulsion Hearing

Schools will follow the same due process procedures outlined for long-term suspension. In addition, school personnel will be prepared to justify to the hearing officer the request for the most severe disciplinary action, expulsion. The following special requirements will apply when the hearing officer elects to uphold the school’s recommendation for expulsion.

Unlike long-term suspension actions, the due process hearing for an "expulsion" cannot be waived. Even if the student and parents/legal guardians do not appear, the school shall present its case to the hearing officer.
Any student who has been expelled may enroll in Albuquerque Public Schools after the expulsion has been completed.

Appeal to the Superintendent

Appeals of the hearing officer determination, shall be submitted to the superintendent or his/her designee in writing within ten (10) days of the hearing.

The superintendent or his/her designee’s determination shall be the final administrative action to which a student is entitled.

The student/parent/legal guardian may appeal the decision of the hearing officer by providing a written notice to the superintendent’s designee at the Student, Parent/Legal Guardian, Employee Service Center within ten (10) school days after the decision has been made
The superintendent designee will, within fifteen (15) working days after receipt of the appeal, review the record of the hearing and the decision in the case
The designee will have discretion over whether to permit the student/parent/legal guardian and school authorities to submit additional written materials and/or to present their respective views in person at a conference or hearing
The designee will then provide the parties, within ten (10) working days after the review is concluded, their decision affirming, overruling, or modifying the decision of the hearing officer
The severity of any sanction may not be increased through the appeal review

Updated as of July 2024

This page was last updated on: July 26, 2022.